Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Gynaecological Conditions

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection which can affect the womb (uterus), fallopian tubes and ovaries. While the term might sound daunting, the good news is that PID is treatable, and spotting symptoms early can make a real difference. Let’s take a closer look at what PID is, what causes it, and how to manage it confidently.

What is PID

PID is an infection of the upper reproductive organs, which includes the womb, fallopian tubes and ovaries, usually when bacteria travel up from the cervix or vagina. It most often occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria, such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea, spreads from the lower genital tract into the womb, tubes or ovaries, though non-sexually transmitted infection (STI) bacteria can also be involved (including after childbirth, miscarriage or medical procedures). Early treatment can reduce the risk of scarring and potential longer-term problems.

Causes and risk factors

PID is thought to affect approximately 220,000 women a year in the UK. It is most common in women aged between 15 and 24 years. The risk can be higher when there has been:

a new sexual partner or more than one partner
unprotected sex
a previous history of an STI or PID
a recent miscarriage, abortion, or a procedure on the womb.

PID Symptoms

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people feel quite unwell, while others may experience mild discomfort or none at all. Common PID symptoms include:

Pain in the lower stomach or pelvis
Unusual vaginal discharge, which may have an unpleasant smell
Irregular periods or bleeding between periods
Heavier or longer periods than usual
Pain during or after sex
Burning when you pee
Fever, nausea, or general tiredness

If your periods have suddenly become heavier or longer than usual, it could be a sign that your womb lining has been affected by inflammation. Heavy bleeding can have many causes, such as hormonal imbalances or other conditions, so it is a good idea to get it checked. If your doctor confirms that there is no underlying condition, you may be able to manage heavy bleeding with options like Evana® , a treatment for women aged 18 to 45 with regular cycles and no underlying cause of heavy periods.

How is PID Diagnosed

If your GP suspects PID, they will likely start with a pelvic examination and may take swabs to test for infections. Sometimes, you might have an ultrasound scan or blood tests to rule out other causes of pelvic pain or abnormal bleeding.

While that can sound a bit uncomfortable, remember that these tests are quick, safe, and help your doctor work out the best next steps for you.

If you are ever unsure about your symptoms, especially if you are experiencing unusual discharge, pelvic pain, or irregular bleeding, it is always better to book a GP appointment rather than wait and see.

PID Treatment

The good news is that PID treatment is effective for most people, especially when started early. Typical treatments include:

Antibiotics

You will usually be prescribed a combination of antibiotics to cover a range of possible infections. It is important to take the full course, even if you start feeling better after a few days.

Partner Treatment

If the infection is linked to an STI, your sexual partner or partners should also be tested and treated to prevent reinfection.

Follow-up Care

Your GP may ask you to return for a check-up to make sure the infection has cleared. Leaving PID untreated can increase the risk of long-term problems such as chronic pelvic pain, blocked fallopian tubes, or fertility issues, so follow-up is an important part of recovery.

When to seek help

Get urgent advice if you have severe lower tummy pain, a high fever or vomiting, pain with a positive pregnancy test, fainting, or symptoms that are rapidly worsening. If your symptoms are milder but new or unusual for you, a sexual health clinic or GP can test and treat you, often on the same day.